African Arowana (Heterotis niloticus)

African Arowana (Heterotis niloticus)

The African Arowana is a unique and often misunderstood member of the arowana family, standing apart from its South American and Asian relatives with a completely different feeding style and body structure. Native to the rivers and floodplains of Africa, Heterotis niloticus features a long, streamlined body with a silvery-gray to bronze coloration and large, reflective scales that give it a subtle metallic sheen.

Unlike true predatory arowanas, the African Arowana is an omnivore with a strong preference for plant matter and small aquatic organisms. It lacks the pronounced upturned mouth and hunting behavior of its cousins, instead feeding throughout the water column. Despite this, it still grows large and develops an impressive, commanding presence in the aquarium.

Active, fast-growing, and constantly on the move, this species is best suited for large aquariums where it has ample swimming space.

Care & Husbandry

Tank Size:
A minimum of 180 gallons is required for juveniles, though 250+ gallons is recommended for long-term care. Longer tanks with open swimming space are more important than height for this species.

Diet:
Omnivorous with a heavy lean toward plant-based foods:

• High-quality pellets (staple diet, both omnivore and herbivore blends)
• Vegetables such as peas, spinach, and lettuce
• Frozen foods like brine shrimp, bloodworms, and small crustaceans
• Occasional live or protein-rich foods, but not required as a primary diet

A varied diet is key to maintaining proper growth and health.

Tank Mates:
Generally more peaceful than other arowanas, but still requires appropriately sized companions:

• Compatible: Larger peaceful fish such as silver dollars, large tetras, peaceful cichlids, bichirs, and large catfish
• Use Caution: Semi-aggressive species that may compete for food
• Avoid: Small fish (may be eaten), aggressive or highly territorial tank mates

Best kept with fish that can match its size and activity level.

Water Parameters:

• Temperature: 75–82°F
• pH: 6.0–7.5
• Water Hardness: Soft to moderately hard
• Strong filtration and regular water changes are essential due to size and activity